What is a crossbite?
A crossbite happens when the upper and lower teeth do not line up correctly. This causes the upper teeth to bite behind the lower teeth instead of in front.
This dental condition can affect a single tooth, multiple teeth, or groups of teeth – and it can occur in both children and adults. Knowing how to correct a crossbite early is important to prevent complications like jaw pain, uneven wear, and facial asymmetry.
Types of crossbite
The American Association of Orthodontists describes three main types of crossbites: posterior, anterior, and buccal.
- Posterior crossbite
This is the most common, and it occurs when the upper back teeth bite inside the lower back teeth.
- Anterior crossbite
A crossbite like this happens when the upper front teeth bite behind the lower front teeth instead of in front.
- Buccal crossbite or brodie bite
This is a rare type where one or more the upper back teeth bite completely outside of the lower teeth.
What causes a crossbite?
A crossbite can develop for several reasons, including genetics, development issues, or certain oral habits during childhood.
The most common causes of crossbite include:
- Genetics: If parents have a crossbite, their child is more likely to develop it too.
- Baby teeth issues: Losing baby teeth too early or too late can affect how adult teeth grow in.
- Crowding or angled teeth: Teeth that grow in the wrong position can cause misalignment.
- Thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, or prolonged pacifier use can affect jaw growth.
- Mouth breathing can also influence how the upper jaw develops.
- If the upper and lower jaws grow at different rates, the teeth may not meet properly.
- A narrow upper jaw can lead to a posterior crossbite, especially in back teeth.
What are the signs you might have a crossbite?
You can usually spot a crossbite when your upper teeth bite inside your lower teeth, whether that happens in the front, the back, or both areas of your mouth.
Other possible signs include:
- Jaw misalignment
- Uneven jaw growth
- Premature enamel wear
- Facial asymmetry
- Chewing difficulties
If you suspect you have a crossbite, visit an orthodontist to ensure you receive the right diagnosis and treatment.
How do you fix a crossbite?
A crossbite can affect your bite, jaw health, and confidence. The good news is that the right treatment can correct it.
Your age, type of crossbite, and its severity will determine the most suitable option. Your orthodontist will create a personalized treatment plan based on your specific needs.
The most reliable treatments to fix a crossbite are:
1.Invisalign
Invisalign aligners can gradually move affected teeth into their proper positions, improving alignment and preventing further dental complications. They are ideal for mild to moderate crossbites. These are the preferred options for adults and teens.
If you are still unsure about clear aligners, view our article on the benefits of Invisalign aligners over braces.
2. Metal braces
One of the most popular ways to fix a crossbite is with metal braces. They work particularly well for severe cases of front and back crossbites by applying gentle, consistent pressure to move teeth into the correct position. This treatment is suitable for patients of all ages.
Learn about the different types of braces for adults.
3. Palatal expanders
4. Jaw surgery
At what age should a crossbite be corrected?
The best time to fix a crossbite is in childhood. This is usually between the ages of 7 and 12, when the jaws are still growing. Early treatment makes correction easier and helps prevent complications later in life.
Benefits of early treatment during childhood:
- The bones are more flexible, allowing better response to treatments like expanders or braces.
- Early correction can prevent more serious issues later, like jaw pain, facial asymmetry, or tooth damage.
- Some problems such as a narrow upper jaw can only be fixed easily before puberty.
How long does it take to fix a crossbite?
The duration of treatment depends on the age, the severity of the crossbite, and the chosen treatment.
On average:
- Mild cases: 6 to 12 months
- Moderate to severe cases: 12 to 24 months
- Surgical cases: 18 months or more (including recovery)
Your orthodontist will provide a detailed timeline based on your individual case.
What happens if a crossbite is not corrected?
If a crossbite is left untreated, it can cause:
- Worn or chipped teeth due to uneven pressure
- Gum recession and damage
- Jaw pain or TMJ dysfunction
- Difficulty chewing or speaking
- Facial asymmetry (especially in children)
- Increased risk of tooth decay or gum disease
Even if a crossbite seems minor, it’s best to have it evaluated early — timely diagnosis can prevent long-term complications.
Next steps: Get help with your crossbite
Crossbite can put excessive pressure on specific teeth, increasing the risk of fractures, uneven wear, and gum problems. Also, it may contribute to jaw pain and misalignment over time.
It is important to visit an orthodontist that can evaluate your condition and recommend the most effective treatment for your needs.
Book an appointment today to evaluate your case!
- American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) – Understanding Crossbites: What are They and How Are They Treated?
- AAO – Pacifiers and Teeth: How Do Pacifiers & Thumb Sucking Impact Dental Development?
- AAO – 7 Common Types of Bite Problems and Their Orthodontic Solutions
- Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry (JOCPD) – Clinical indications for the diagnosis and treatment of functional posterior crossbite in pediatric population: a narrative review with clinical description
- Cochrane Library – Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites
